Metal
stampings, because of the required high quality surface condition, are heat
treated in nitrogen protective atmospheres, hydrogen reducing atmospheres, and
vacuum. Stampings may be heat treated
in either batch or continuous furnaces depending on part geometry and
dimensional tolerances.
Medium
carbon and alloy stampings are typically hardened in
oil quench batch and continuous furnaces or in austemper (molten salt
quench) furnaces. The oil quench
process produces a martensitic structure whereas the austemper process produces
a bainitic structure. The austemper
process is typically used for dimensional characteristics or for certain
mechanical properties. Low carbon
steel stampings are often carbonitrided to produce a high hardness wear
resistant surface on a ductile, impact resistant core.
The depth of case hardening on the surface is typically 0.005” to
0.040” although deeper case depths are possible for larger stampings with
increased furnace time and temperature.
Carbon
steel and 300 series stainless steel stampings are bright annealed in hydrogen
protective atmospheres and in vacuum. Hardenable
400 series stainless steel stampings are bright
hardened in the same hydrogen atmosphere and vacuum furnaces. All of these carbon and stainless steel stampings may be
furnace brazed in the same hydrogen atmosphere and
vacuum furnaces.
The
most common heat treatment of non-ferrous stampings is the solution
anneal and age harden of aluminum stampings.
The heat treatment is typically performed in batch and continuous
non-atmosphere furnaces. Aluminum
heat treatment also requires strict temperature control, especially for military
or aerospace applications. Other
non-ferrous materials may be bright annealed
in atmosphere and vacuum furnaces.
If
additional cleaning of the heat treated metal stamping is necessary, glass
bead finish with light pressure is used to preserve the high quality metal
surface.